Ready Stock Folsäure Vitamin B9 & Vitamin Bc & Vitamin M

Modell Nr .: HEA451856M Verwendungsart: Für die orale Verabreichung Form: Oral Liquid Pharmazeutische Technologie: Chemische Synthese Marke & Herkunft: Guyenne, Frankreich Verpackung: 10 AMPS/Tray/Box Probe: Akzeptable Qualität Standard: GMP / Euro GMP Warenzeichen: Guyenne Herkunft: Frankreich Anwendung: Internal Medicine Zustand: Flüssig Typ: Biologische Produkte Name: Folsäure Spezifikationen: 10mg / Ml MOQ: 1 Box Lieferzeit: 7 Tage Haltbarkeit: 36 Monate Spezifikation: GMP / WHO GMP / EURO GMP HS Code: 3004909090 Namen
Identifikatoren
EigenschaftenPharmakologie

Folic acid
IUPAC name (2S)-2-[[4-[(2-Amino-4-oxo-1H-pteridine6-yl)methylamino]benzoyl]amino]pentanedioic acid
Other names N-(4-{[(2-amino-4-oxo-1,4-dihydropteridin-6-yl)methyl]amino}benzoyl)-L-glutamic acid; pteroyl-L-glutamic acid; Vitamin B9; Vitamin Bc; Vitamin M; Folacin
CAS Number	59-30-3
ChEBI	CHEBI:27470
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1622
ChemSpider	5815
DrugBank	DB00158
IUPHAR/BPS	4563
Jmol interactive 3D	Image
KEGG	C00504
PubChem	6037
RTECS number	LP5425000
UNII	935E97BOY8
Chemical formula	C19H19N7O6
Molar mass	441.40 g·mol?1
Appearance	yellow-orange crystalline powder
Melting point	250 °C (482 °F; 523 K) (decomposition)
Solubility in water	1.6 mg/L (25 °C)
log P	-2.5
Acidity (pKa)	1st: 4.65, 2nd: 6.75, 3rd: 9.00
ATC code	B03BB01

Folsäure oder Folsäure ist ein B-Vitamin & Periode; Es wird auch als Vitamin M, Vitamin B9, Vitamin Bc, & lp; oder Folacin & rar ;, Pteroyl-L-glutaminsäure und Pteroyl-L-glutamat & Periode;
Nahrungsergänzungshersteller verwenden oft den Begriff Folat für etwas anderes als "reine" Folsäure: In der Chemie bezieht sich Folat auf das deprotonierte Ion und Folsäure auf das neutrale Molekül, die beide in Wasser und Periode koexistieren; Die Internationale Vereinigung für reine und angewandte Chemie und die Internationale Vereinigung für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie behaupten, dass Folat und Folsäure die bevorzugten Synonyme für Pteroylglutamat bzw. Pteroylglutaminsäure bzw. Periode sind;
Vitamin B9 ist wichtig für zahlreiche Körperfunktionen & Periode; Menschen können nicht Folaten de novo & semi; Daher muss Folsäure durch die Diät geliefert werden, um ihre täglichen Anforderungen und Periode zu erfüllen; Der menschliche Körper braucht Folsäure, um DNA zu synthetisieren, DNA zu reparieren und DNA zu methylieren sowie als Cofaktor in bestimmten biologischen Reaktionen und Perioden zu wirken; Es ist besonders wichtig bei der Förderung der schnellen Zellteilung und des Wachstums, wie in der Kindheit und Schwangerschaft & Periode; Kinder und Erwachsene erfordern Folat, um gesunde rote Blutkörperchen zu produzieren und Anämie und Periode zu verhindern;
Ein Mangel an diätetischen Folaten kann zu Folatmangel und Periode führen. Ein vollständiger Mangel an diätetischem Folat dauert Monate bevor Mangel sich entwickelt, wie normale Individuen etwa 500-20.000 Mikrogramm & lpar; Μg & rarr; Von folat in körper speichert & zeit; Dieser Mangel kann zu vielen gesundheitlichen Problemen führen, wobei der bemerkenswerteste Neuralrohrdefekt bei der Entwicklung von Embryonen ist - ein relativ seltener Geburtsdefekt, der 300.000 & lt; 0 & Periode, 2 & amp; Geburten weltweit jedes Jahr und 3.000 Schwangerschaften in den Vereinigten Staaten jedes Jahr & Zeitraum; Häufige Symptome des Folatmangels sind Diarrhoe, makrozytäre Anämie mit Schwäche oder Kurzatmigkeit, Nervenschäden mit Schwäche und Gliedmaßen Taubheit & lip; periphere Neuropathie und Schwangerschaftskomplikationen, geistige Verwirrung, Vergesslichkeit oder andere kognitive Defizite, psychische Depressionen, wunde oder geschwollene Zunge, Peptische oder Mundgeschwüre, Kopfschmerzen, Herzklopfen, Reizbarkeit und Verhaltensstörungen & Periode; Niedrige Gehalte an Folsäure können auch zu Homocystein-Akkumulation und Periode führen; Niedrige Mengen an Folsäure wurden mit bestimmten Krebsarten und Perioden assoziiert; Es ist jedoch nicht klar, ob das Verzehr der empfohlenen & lpar; Mengen an Folsäure - aus Lebensmitteln oder in Ergänzungen - können das Krebsrisiko in manchen Menschen und Perioden senken;

1 Health effects Pregnancy Adequate folate intake during the preconception period (which is the time right before and just after a woman becomes pregnant) helps protect against a number of congenital malformations, including neural tube defects, which are the most notable birth defects that occur from folate insufficiency. Neural tube defects are severe abnormalities of the central nervous system that develop in embryos during the first few weeks of pregnancy resulting in malformations of the spine, skull, and brain; the most common neural tube defects are spina bifida and anencephaly. The risk of neural tube defects is significantly reduced when supplemental folic acid is consumed in addition to a healthy diet before conception and during the first month after conception.Supplementation with folic acid has also been shown to reduce the risk of congenital heart defects, cleft lips, limb defects, and urinary tract anomalies. Folate deficiency during pregnancy may also increase the risk of preterm delivery, infant low birth weight and fetal growth retardation, as well as increasing homocysteine level in the blood, which may lead to spontaneous abortion and pregnancy complications, such as placental abruption and pre-eclampsia. Women who could become pregnant are advised to eat foods fortified with folic acid or take supplements in addition to eating folate-rich foods to reduce the risk of serious birth defects. Some have suggested that all non-pregnant women take 400 micrograms of synthetic folic acid daily from fortified foods or supplements to ensure they have adequate folic acid intake, even in case of unplanned pregnancies.  Failure of post-translational methylation of the cytoskeleton, required for differentiation has been implicated in neural tube defects. Approximately 85% of women in an urban Irish study reported using folic acid supplements before they become pregnant, but only 18% used enough folic acid supplements to meet the current folic acid requirements due, it is reported, to socio-economic challenges. Folic acid supplements may also protect the fetus against disease when the mother is battling a disease or taking medications or smoking during pregnancy. It also contributes to oocyte maturation, implantation, placentation, in addition to the general effects of folic acid and pregnancy. Therefore, it is necessary to receive sufficient amounts through the diet to avoid subfertility. There is growing concern worldwide that prenatal high folic acid in the presence of low vitamin B12 causes epigenetic changes in the unborn predisposing them to metabolic syndromes, central adiposity and adult diseases such as Type 2 diabetes. Another active area of research and concern is that either too much or too little folic acid in utero causes epigenetic changes to the brain leading to autism spectrum disorders. Epidemiologic studies have been demonstrating a correlation between maternal folic supplementation with folic acid and increased risk for asthma and respiratory diseases in children. However, a systematic review and meta-analysis did not confirm such findings and recommends additional studies to verify the hypothesis.   Fertility Folate is necessary for fertility in both men and women. It contributes to spermatogenesis. Therefore, it is necessary to receive sufficient amounts through the diet to avoid subfertility. Also, polymorphisms in genes of enzymes involved in folate metabolism could be one reason for fertility complications in some women with unexplained infertility. Heart disease Taking folic acid does not reduce cardiovascular disease even though it reduces homocysteine levels. Folic acid supplements consumed before and during pregnancy may reduce the risk of heart defects in infants. Stroke Folic acid appears to reduce the risk of stroke, which may be due to the role folate plays in regulating homocysteine concentration. The reviews indicate the risk of stroke appears to be reduced only in some individuals, but a definite recommendation regarding supplementation beyond the current RDA has not been established for stroke prevention. Observed stroke reduction is consistent with the reduction in pulse pressure produced by folate supplementation of 5 mg per day, since hypertension is a key risk factor for stroke. Folic supplements are inexpensive and relatively safe to use, which is why stroke or hyperhomocysteinemia patients are encouraged to consume daily B vitamins including folic acid. Cancer Folic acid supplementation does not appear to affect the rate of cancer. Diets high in folate are associated with decreased risk of colorectal cancer; some studies show the association is stronger for folate from foods alone than for folate from foods and supplements, One broad cancer screening trial reported a potential harmful effect of too much folate intake on breast cancer risk, suggesting routine folate supplementation should not be recommended as a breast cancer preventive. Most research studies indicate that dietary folate intake does not significantly increase or decrease the risk of prostate cancer. Antifolate chemotherapy Folate is important for cells and tissues that rapidly divide. Cancer cells divide rapidly, and drugs that interfere with folate metabolism are used to treat cancer.    Psychological Some evidence links a shortage of folate with depression. Limited evidence from randomised controlled trials showed using folic acid in addition to SSRIs may have benefits. Research at the University of York and Hull York Medical School has found a link between depression and low levels of folate. One study by the same team involved 15,315 subjects. However, the evidence is probably[weasel words] too limited at present for this to be a routine treatment recommendation.[according to whom?] Folic acid supplementation affects noradrenaline and serotonin receptors within the brain, which could be the cause of folic acid's possible ability to act as an antidepressant. The exact mechanisms involved in the development of schizophrenia and depression are not entirely clear, but the bioactive folate, methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF), a direct target of methyl donors like S-adenosyl methionine (SAMe), recycles the inactive dihydrobiopterin (BH2) into tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), the necessary cofactor in various steps of monoamine synthesis, including that of dopamine. BH4 serves a regulatory role in monoamine neurotransmission and is required to mediate the actions of most antidepressants. 5-MTHF also plays both direct & indirect roles in DNA methylation, NO2 synthesis, and one-carbon metabolism. Macular degeneration A substudy of the Women's Antioxidant and Folic Acid Cardiovascular Study published in 2009 reported use of a nutritional supplement containing folic acid, pyridoxine, and cyanocobalamin decreased the risk of developing age-related macular degeneration by 34.7%. Folic acid, B12 and iron There is a complex interaction between folic acid, vitamin B12 and iron. A deficiency of one may be "masked" by excess of another so the three must always be in balance. Toxicity The risk of toxicity from folic acid is low, because folate is a water-soluble vitamin and is regularly removed from the body through urine. One potential issue associated with high dosages of folic acid is that it has a masking effect on the diagnosis of pernicious anaemia (vitamin B12 deficiency), and a variety of concerns[clarification needed] of potential negative impacts on health. 2 Biologische Rollen DNA and cell division Folate is necessary for the production and maintenance of new cells, for DNA synthesis and RNA synthesis, and for preventing changes to DNA, and, thus, for preventing cancer. It is especially important during periods of frequent cell division and growth, such as infancy and pregnancy. Folate is needed to carry one-carbon groups for methylation reactions and nucleic acid synthesis (the most notable one being thymine, but also purine bases). Thus, folate deficiency hinders DNA synthesis and cell division, affecting hematopoietic cells and neoplasms the most because of their greater frequency of cell division. RNA transcription, and subsequent protein synthesis, are less affected by folate deficiency, as the mRNA can be recycled and used again (as opposed to DNA synthesis, where a new genomic copy must be created). Since folate deficiency limits cell division, erythropoiesis, production of red blood cells, is hindered and leads to megaloblastic anemia, which is characterized by large immature red blood cells. This pathology results from persistently thwarted attempts at normal DNA replication, DNA repair, and cell division, and produces abnormally large red cells called megaloblasts (and hypersegmented neutrophils) with abundant cytoplasm capable of RNA and protein synthesis, but with clumping and fragmentation of nuclear chromatin. Some of these large cells, although immature (reticulocytes), are released early from the marrow in an attempt to compensate for the anemia. Both adults and children need folate to make normal red and white blood cells and prevent anemia. Deficiency of folate in pregnant women has been implicated in neural tube defects (NTD); therefore, many developed countries have implemented mandatory folic acid fortification in cereals, etc. NTDs occur early in pregnancy (first month), therefore women must have abundant folate upon conception. Folate is required to make red blood cells and white blood cells and folate deficiency may lead to anemia, which causes fatigue, weakness and inability to concentrate. Metabolism of folic acid to recycle homocysteine into methionine In the form of a series of tetrahydrofolate (THF) compounds, folate derivatives are substrates in a number of single-carbon-transfer reactions, and also are involved in the synthesis of dTMP (2′-deoxythymidine-5′-phosphate) from dUMP (2′-deoxyuridine-5′-phosphate). It is a substrate for an important reaction that involves vitamin B12 and it is necessary for the synthesis of DNA, and so required for all dividing cells. The pathway leading to the formation of tetrahydrofolate (FH4) begins when folic acid (F) is reduced to dihydrofolate (DHF) (FH2), which is then reduced to THF. Dihydrofolate reductase catalyses the last step.Vitamin B3 in the form of NADPH is a necessary cofactor for both steps of the synthesis. Thus, hydride molecules are transferred from NADPH to the C6 position of the pteridine ring to reduce folic acid to THF. Methylene-THF (CH2FH4) is formed from THF by the addition of a methylene bridge from one of three carbon donors: formate, serine, or glycine. Methyl tetrahydrofolate (CH3-THF, or methyl-THF) can be made from methylene-THF by reduction of the methylene group with NADPH. Folate metabolism Conversion to biologically active derivatives All the biological functions of folic acid are performed by tetrahydrofolate and other derivatives. Their biological availability to the body depends upon dihydrofolate reductase action in the liver. This action is unusually slow in humans, being less than 2% of that in rats. Moreover, in contrast to rats, an almost-5-fold variation in the activity of this enzyme exists between humans. Due to this low activity, it has been suggested this limits the conversion of folic acid into its biologically active forms "when folic acid is consumed at levels higher than the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (1 mg/d for adults)." National Institutes of Health & lpar; US & rpar; Ernährungsbedürfnisse & lt; μg pro Tag & rp. 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